I can’t find the reference but one of the things found in the Lauscaux cave paintings was that if you put up a flaming torch to it, flickering as it does, it generates the illusion of movement. Pretty advanced art.
London: Ancient cave artists created the illusion of images moving across cave walls, relying on “cartoon-like” techniques, say French researchers. ... When the images are viewed under the unsteady light of flickering flames the images can appear to move, the study claimed, the journal Antiquity reports.Sep 25, 2012
Ancient cave paintings create illusion of movement - Zee News