Based on your experience, perhaps 24 hours of run-time is not out of the question if the engine was run a while, and turned off for a while. A car is not usually thermally insulated well so it would get uncomfortable real quick in extreme cold with no engine generated heat.
I suppose people that routinely drive in snow or cold weather always carry an emergency kit with blankets, food, water, and chemical hand warmers for just such an occasion.
I know I sure do. Don't leave home without 'em. Spending the night in a car or truck can get pretty cold and damp, even in summer.