.” There are no options for replacing the volume of light crude delivered by Line 5; rail can provide less than 10% of that volume.”
CN has the ONLY line that runs from west to est through the UP of MI
It wont even supply 10% I would wager.
The only other way would be to load tankers at Duluth and run them around the horn on the great lakes.
Shipping is not near as safe as pipelines. We are talking winter on the Great Lakes here AND getting people to work on those ships.
“The only other way would be to load tankers at Duluth and run them around the horn on the great lakes.”
Yeah, right. That should work real well when the lakes start getting covered with ice between late November to early April. (/S!)
And the rural folk generally will start getting their fireplace inserts and outdoor wood boilers busy pretty quick. So much for trees to help cut global warming by taking out CO2.