Does that include Stevia?
ALL sweeteners. The cephalic insulin response is a reaction to taste registering on taste buds. Things that are intensely sweet may cause a larger cephalic response because the brain is expecting a buttload of carbs based on the sweetness. It may then cause hunger and cravings because the body didn’t receive the expected carbs
This is why diet drinks sweetened with aspartame is a wash, because it’s 200 times sweeter than sugar and taste buds are tasting at the molecular level.
Stevia and Erythritol are considered to have the best profiles, but they are also newer and have the least research. Stevia was recently implicated in contributing to gut microbial imbalance same as the other low calorie sweeteners.
Sucks, but there it is.