Most artificial sweeteners cause insulin spikes just like sugar and high fructose corn syrup do. Chronically high insulin levels contributes to the development of T2 diabetes.
Sucralose evidently can. I am consuming aspartame.
One study found that protein produced a significant insulin response, while aspartame had no effect on insulin levels. Another also found that aspartame had no effect on the insulin response in humans, whether alone or combined with carbohydrates. Another earlier study (full PDF) examined the effects of aspartame on prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin, and blood glucose levels and found it had none. The authors used the same amount of aspartame you’d find in a standard artificially-sweetened drink but were unable to record any significant hormonal alterations. A study of forty-eight healthy volunteers found no evidence that aspartame has an effect on insulin levels.