He had a short life. What ultimately killed him was pneumonia.
His almost-namesake was just another career politician, who for the record voted to support Pétain during WWII.
In March 1940, because of his expertise on Germany, Schuman (who had been a member of the French Chamber of Deputies since 1919) was called to become a member of Paul Reynaud’s wartime government to be in charge of the refugees. He kept that position during the first Pétain government. On 10 July, after the defeat of the French army, he voted to give full power to Marshal Philippe Pétain, who supported the armistice with Germany, but refused to continue to be in the government.
On 14 September, however, he was arrested for acts of resistance and protest against Nazi methods. He was interrogated by the Gestapo but the intervention of a German lawyer stopped him from being sent to Dachau concentration camp.
After the war, an old rival of his, André Diethelm, the Free French war minister of Charles de Gaulle, tried to have Schuman classified as a war criminal.
General de Gaulle, however, overturned the verdict, since he knew Schuman and his qualities as a person and as a politician all too well. In 1946, Schuman was reelected.
IIRC, both Diethelm and Schuman had been at odds before: in 1919 and the following years, plenty of expropriated German property in the Moselle department (which had been German from 1871-1918) had been sold underhand at scandalously low prices, from which quite a few war profiteers were able to make huge, albeit illegal, profits.
Diethelm’s family, it is said, was involved in this profiteering. When Schuman was able to uncover these shenanigans, the scandal was there, and the profiteers had to pay regular prices or give the bought items back.
Needless to say, Diethelm held a grudge against Schuman from this time on, and in 1945, he tried to take his revenge.