The first rule of economics is that things are worth what people will pay for them
The second rule is that resources and more importantly, the rate of resource extraction are not infinite
And my rule: The value of money is not determined by the issuers, but by those that actually use it.
Not necessarily. Don’t confuse price with value. If someone pays $100,000 for a gallon of milk, that doesn’t make it worth $100,000. True, there may be a bigger fool that buys the same gallon of milk for $100,100, but it’s still only a gallon of milk. Eventually everyone notices it’s only milk. Same applies to tulips.