I planted some peas a few months ago, and they grew to full size, but never produced any blossoms/pods.
They still appear to be nominally alive, but there’s at least two full months of winter.
If they actually survive ‘til Spring, should I anticipate that they will eventually start producing peas?
Possibly so. It will depend on the weather and sunshine. If anything you are doing well with using peas as a cover crop. I have snow peas, they are not getting enough sun, but they are adding to the area where my spring plants will go.