A 12 volt car battery will kill you, because it's about 60 amps.
The charger that phone comes with is 1 amp, so I agree something is missing.
Think of it this way: Voltage is the cause. Current is the effect. An online OSHA paper suggests that 50mA to 150 mA can cause death.
The human body is not a perfect insulator and it is not a perfect conductor. Many five volt chargers are capable of currents in excess of 1 amp. Five volts is typically not enough voltage to cause even 50 milliamps (50 thousandths of an amp) through the human body. Similarly, a 12 volt car battery is usually not able to cause 50 milliamps through the human body, though it is capable of causing hundreds of amps through the starter motor.
Typical house voltage of 120 volts is more than enough to cause heart stoppage and death. I once contacted 120 volts across a one inch part of one hand. The effect was very painful and the pain lasted for hours. If the same current had flowed through my heart I might have died.
No it won’t because your resistance is too high. Now if you take a bath in salt water then things might get interesting.