This isn’t the 1800s. Digital cameras can have ISO speeds in the many 100s of thousands.
I am quite familiar with digital cameras since I own a professional model Nikon.
Which is why I asked about the photograph is such technical specificity.
Ya see, to gather the light needed to get a nice bright image of faint stars you typically need a long exposure time or you take multiple shots at a shorter exposure (8-20) and stack them in post editing.
If you use an equatorial mount, pointed at Polaris and set to the hemisphere you are in (north or south) then the mount rotates at at a speed that keeps the camera positioned on the object (star, moon, sun) so you can have a long (30 seconds or kore) exposure time without getting star trails.
Knowing those technical facts and owning both an equatorial mount and having photographed the moon, stars, and a total solar eclipse....tha is why I asked about the technique sued in this particular photograph.
Because even with the slightest of breezes, a long exposure time which would get the clarity if the stars and constellations, the clouds would be blurred.
Anf if you had a 30 second or less exposure time photograph the clarity of the stars and constellations would not be this good unless you stacked multiple photos in post editing....and with any movement of the clouds.. .you are back to a blurred cloud.
Which is why I asked the question......because I do not know of a technique that makes it easy to get/capture/create the image shown
Sooo....I explained all of that to you even though you really don’t care at all other than to make some snarky bullshit comment.
Good day Sir.