The Romans called what is now present day Israel “Judea’’.
Judea referred to a part of Palestine.
Judea or Judaea, and the modern version of Judah (/dʒuːˈdiːə/;[1] from Hebrew: יהודה, Standard Yəhuda, Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, Greek: Ἰουδαία, Ioudaía; Latin: Iūdaea) is the ancient Biblical Hebrew, the contemporaneous Latin, and the modern-day name of the mountainous southern part of the region of Palestine.Galilee, the region of Israel (Palestine) that Jesus and his disciples were from, was not part of Judea. This is obvious from many passages in the Bible. For example:
After this, Jesus went around in Galilee. He did not want a to go about in Judea because the Jewish leaders there were looking for a way to kill him. But when the Jewish Festival of Tabernacles was near, Jesus’ brothers said to him, “Leave Galilee and go to Judea, so that your disciples there may see the works you do. No one who wants to become a public figure acts in secret. Since you are doing these things, show yourself to the world.” For even his own brothers did not believe in him.
Therefore Jesus told them, “My time is not yet here; for you any time will do. The world cannot hate you, but it hates me because I testify that its works are evil. You go to the festival. I am not going up to this festival, because my time has not yet fully come.” After he had said this, he stayed in Galilee.