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The Americans were assisting the Royal Navy in their search for U-Boats while under the guise of “neutrality”; the U-Boat commanders were naturally (and justifiably) outraged by this and wanted the opportunity to fight back.

Yes, precisely.

But the German Submarine commanders erred by underestimating radar, and most particularly, the incredible productivity of American industrial might.

One of our major advantages was were producing Liberty boats faster than they could sink them.

They could not produce submarines faster than the allies could sink them, especially as we had broken their Naval code.

One of our major advantages was were producing Liberty boats faster than they could sink them.

Correct. There was a point in the early fall of 1943 where the United States was producing a Liberty ship for every torpedo made for the Kriegsmarine; the Germans had simply lost the fight with Father Time.

Prior to the war, Doenitz had explained to Hitler that he could choke England if he had 300 U-Boats; there would be one hundred on station, one hundred coming and going, and one hundred undergoing repairs back in port.

At the beginning of the campaign, the Germans had some 55 U-Boats in operation, five of which were training boats and unequipped for combat. The country simply never had enough submarines to put sufficient pressure on England to quit the war, and as you point out, time would work against them, both as technology developed and American industry got on a war footing.

They could not produce submarines faster than the allies could sink them, especially as we had broken their Naval code.

For a really good movie about their naval code and the allies efforts to steal an Enigma encoding machine, see the 2000 movie U-571. Edge of your seat stuff. Historical knowledge.

But the German Submarine commanders erred by underestimating radar, and most particularly, the incredible productivity of American industrial might. One of our major advantages was were producing Liberty boats faster than they could sink them. They could not produce submarines faster than the allies could sink them, especially as we had broken their Naval code.

And which prodigious unrivaled industrial might is what China replaced, first by obtaining most-favored-nation (MFN) status in 1980 and later accession to the World Trade Organization.

The issue [of trade]surfaced most notably during the 1992 presidential election campaign. Then-candidate Bill Clinton said President George H.W. Bush “coddled” the Chinese government, which Clinton also referred to as the “butchers of Beijing.”..Once he took office, President Clinton backed off his campaign trail rhetoric. Clinton signed the trade bill into law, which paved the way for China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001.

China’s trade with the world skyrocketed after it became a member of the WTO. - https://www.chinabusinessreview.com/40-years-of-us-china-commercial-relations/