Reposting - there is a character the FR parsing machine didn’t like
This one is completely over my head, but i thought you might find it useful:
O-GlcNAc transferase promotes influenza A virus–induced cytokine storm by targeting interferon regulatory factor–5
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated an essential function of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP)–associated O-linked B-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) signaling in influenza A virus (IAV)–induced cytokine storm.
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), a key enzyme for protein O-GlcNAcylation, mediated IAV-induced cytokine production. Upon investigating the mechanisms driving this event, we determined that IAV induced OGT to bind to interferon regulatory factor–5 (IRF5), leading to O-GlcNAcylation of IRF5 on serine-430. O-GlcNAcylation of IRF5 is required for K63-linked ubiquitination of IRF5 and subsequent cytokine production.
Analysis of clinical samples revealed that IRF5 is O-GlcNAcylated, and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines correlated with higher levels of blood glucose in IAV-infected patients.
We identified a molecular mechanism by which HBP-mediated O-GlcNAcylation regulates IRF5 function during IAV infection, highlighting the importance of glucose metabolism in IAV-induced cytokine storm.
S KOREA
What S. Korea knows so far about recurring COVID-19 cases
By Ock Hyun-ju
Published : Apr 17, 2020 - 17:24 Updated : Apr 17, 2020 - 17:33
A total of 163 patients previously declared cured of COVID-19 have tested positive again in South Korea as of Friday, up 22 from a day earlier, giving the government a fresh headache in its fight against the virus.
The recurring cases account for 2.1 percent of the 7,829 people released from quarantine after recovering. Studies are underway to find out why, according to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
It took 13.5 days on average for these patients to test positive again after being deemed clear of COVID-19 — as little as one day and as long as 35.
...
An epidemiological and clinical analysis of 137 recurring cases showed that more than half of them, 72 people, had no symptoms and 61 people showed mild symptoms, according to the KCDC. Analysis is underway for the other four.
Those who test positive again after release from quarantine are usually detected through regular testing required by some municipalities or when they show symptoms and seek testing themselves.
Health officials here have cautiously dismissed the possibility of patients being reinfected with the virus.
....
“We could not find the virus that was alive (in recovered patients who tested positive again), so we think it will not be highly infectious,” KCDC Director General Jeong Eun-kyeong said at a briefing Friday.
“In the cases testing positive again within one week after full recovery, many of them produce negative and positive results alternately before eventually producing positive results due to remaining pieces of the virus in the body,” she said.
***As of Friday, there were no cases of secondary transmission from recovered patients who had tested positive again, according to the KCDC.**** (comment: that’s good news)
Some 294 people came into contact with the patients who tested positive again, with 256 of them under government monitoring.
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200417000631
Case counts US - 671k cases, 33,114 confirmed fatalities as of April 17, 2020, as of 6:25am (FluTracker’s count)
Alaska: 9
Alabama: 82
Arizona: 150
Arkansas: 37
California: 973
Colorado: 374
Connecticut: 971
Delaware: 52
District of Columbia: 81
Florida: 668
Georgia: 617
Guam: 5
Hawaii: 9
Idaho: 41
Illinois: 1,072
Indiana: 477
Iowa: 60
Kansas: 80
Kentucky: 129
Louisiana: 1,156
Maine: 27
Maryland: 392
Massachusetts: 1,243
Michigan: 2,093
Minnesota: 94
Mississippi: 129
Missouri: 152
Montana: 7
Navajo Nation: 41
Nebraska: 24
Nevada: 142
New Hampshire: 34
New Jersey: 3,518
New Mexico: 44
New York: 14,832
North Carolina: 131
North Dakota: 9
Northern Marianas Islands: 2
Ohio: 389
Oklahoma: 131
Oregon: 64
Puerto Rico: 58
Pennsylvania: 707
Rhode Island: 105
South Carolina: 109
South Dakota: 7
Tennessee: 141
Texas: 393
US Virgin Islands: 1
Utah: 21
Vermont: 35
Virginia: 208
Washington: 576
West Virginia: 13
Wisconsin: 197
Wyoming: 2
Total 33,114