[DoodleDawg]

Why not government-subsidized emancipation, like the civilized nations of that era?

In every case other than the U.S., slavery was ended by government action and with the strong opposition of the slave owners themselves. The U.S could not have enacted a mandatory compensated emancipation plan because the Constitution would not permit it. A voluntary emancipation plan would fail because there is no reason to believe that the slave holders themselves would be willing to participate. That's why not.

[Pelham]

And why didn’t Lincoln apply his emancipation order to the slaves in the North?

Slavery in the United States lasted longer than in the Confederacy.