I highly doubt these were “invasive” procedures on the deep brain..
A medical procedure is defined as non-invasive when no break in the skin is created and there is no contact with the mucosa, or skin break, or internal body cavity beyond a natural or artificial body orifice.
I stand corrected.
Deep brain stimulation involves creating small holes in the skull to implant the electrodes, and surgery to implant the device that contains the batteries under the skin in the chest.
This type of stimulation is not the same as TMS or Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. It is similar to a pacemaker stimulation.
They are deep brain. The stimulators are placed around the muscle control centers in the brain. I did anesthesia for the brain implants. We started in the CT scanner with the patient having a “ring” device placed on there skull and held in place with screws going into the bone of the skull (not brain). They then had a hood with coordinates etched into hood attached to the “ring”. After the CT the neuro surgeon used the coordinates from the CT to figure out exactly where the implants would be place. A calibrated device was attached to the ring. This device allowed the surgeon to drill a precise hole into the skull and advance the electrode into the exact position required. The patient was awake for most of the procedure. A little more complex but that is the main part. It was about a 4 hour procedure.