No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.Not just unlawful, but un-Constitutional.
— Article 1, Section 10, Clause 1 of US Constitution
Meaningless words in the 9th Circuit.