Thanks. Is there a way to inspect the rifle for “damage?”
It depends on the design. Overpressure from a too-short chamber usually shows itself by popping primers out, or causing primers to "flatten" against the bolt face. If you've never noticed anything of the sort, you're probably in a safe operating pressure range for your rifle. A gunsmith would probably check the headspace and carefully examine the locking surfaces of the receiver and bolt for flattening and cracks (magnafluxing and such).