[x]

You are trying to have me believe that the 20 million Northerners who only earned 27% of the income, were paying for the vast majority of the import goods.

Other way around. The North had something like three times the income of the South.

[DiogenesLamp]

Other way around. The North had something like three times the income of the South.

Were the Europeans buying cattle? How much of any of that stuff was the Europeans buying?

I happen to know the primary exports to Europe from the North was Wood, Leather, Fish, grains, and not a whole lot else.

We are talking specifically about EUROPEAN export products, not how much gold is in California or Silver in Nevada in 1860.

If you can show me how any of the stuff you mentioned somehow turned into European currency with which to buy European products, you might have a point, but other than that, they are irrelevant to who was paying the import taxes.