[sparklite2]

I think the flaw in the Standard Model will have to do with the effect on gravity on light.  The problem is manifest in two galaxies that are connected to each other, while one of them has a red shift indicating it is far, far behind the other and could not possibly be connected.

Halton Arp will be vindicated.

[Sirius Lee]

I think the flaw in the Standard Model will have to do with the effect on gravity on light.

We tend to think of light as a straight line affair and measure distance accordingly, but if light is being bent hither and yon by every celestial body somewhat between the source and the observer, it's actually traveling a greater distance. Like driving a car on a curvy road - traveling 20 miles to get 10 miles as the crow flies. Does that differential result in a red shift? I dunno. Crows are crafty.