[Mase]

You know what happens when insulin fails

Yes.

Here's what you said: Sugar is toxic to most cells. It’s only tolerated (in low concentrations) in most organisms because it’s such a cheap source of energy.

Sugar is not toxic to most cells. You use that word but I don't think it means what you think it means. To say sugar can only be tolerated in low concentrations in most organisms is ridiculous. Glucose is sugar and it is the only source of energy for your brain and cellular functions. It has nothing to do with being cheap.

Any athlete on a high carb diet will show how wrong you are. As I said before: through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, glucose is oxidized to yield CO2 and H2O which yields energy in the form of ATP. No ATP = No energy.

[z3n]

I love how people pounce when you've entered their wheelhouse. Well biochemistry is above my pay grade, but I don't actually see the glucose in the citric acid cycle. I see the ADP-ATP in the pyruvate branch. I can tell already that can break that down for me though.

When people are starving and they've spent their glycogen (sp?) stores, where do they get their energy at the cellular level?