[USFRIENDINVICTORIA]

While the “chrono” part refers to time — whether past or future; the term “anachronism” almost always refers to objects from the present being depicted in a setting in the past. That's not possible, given out current technology.

However, objects from the past routinely appear in our present. In museums, they're called artifacts. Around my home they're called “that pile of old junk in the basement I'm going to get rid of with a yard sale”.

You used the term critically — as if the wrench appearing in TOS were equivalent to (say) an iPhone appearing in a production of Hamlet. Really, that was not a valid criticism. For instance, Scotty might be a collector of historic mechanic's tools. He might call them artifacts, he might call them “my precious” — but, he'd never call them anachronisms.

[Dr. Sivana]

From dictionary.com:

something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time, especially a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time:
The sword is an anachronism in modern warfare.

the term “anachronism” almost always refers to objects from the present being depicted in a setting in the past.

As the dictionary definition points out, your "given" that anachronism means things presented from a future time in a past setting is generally NOT the case. If Kirk's Bridge had been outfitted with a ship's wheel, that too would be an anachronism. The few times that it works the way you are describing, are in time travel stories, or historical fiction where something shows up, or perhaps a movie of the Old West, where the hair styles are all from the 1950's or 1970s.

Anachronism can be newer things in an incompatible old setting, or older things in an incompatible new setting. That is the etymology of the word. Anything out of its time. Of course, it would not apply to a wrench in a 23rd century museum, any more than it does Kirk's reading glasses (ST II movie) of ancient books kept as keepsakes.