Only 12 people have been convicted of Treason in the history of the United States, and only 3 of those were executed—all between 1859 and 1862. Two of those executed were participants in the rebellion of John Brown.
Treason is defined in the Constitution and has very particular requirements.
Maybe we should get more familiar with the crime of “Espionage,” as it carries a much longer list of convictions.
On March 29, 1951, the Rosenbergs were convicted of espionage. They were sentenced to death on April 5 by Judge Kaufman under Section 2 of the Espionage Act of 1917, 50 U.S. Code 32 (now 18 U.S. Code 794), which prohibits transmitting or attempting to transmit to a foreign government information “relating to the national defense”.