Recall Nelly Ohr obtained a Ham radio license for/during these escapades.
Yes and they can easily reach around the world and do a lot more than people realize, easy to get lost in the crowd as it were in that medium. Otherwise there is really little reason to get your license other than being shutdown for not having one and being on the air
O wonder where she did her license test at, it changes the max power you can transmit at, here in the us it is about 2-2.5Kw but you can really get out there if you have the right gear. Other part of the world or licensed operators can get much more