“They had critical CO2 and butane extract processes back then?”
You don’t actually need those to make cannabis oil. The active ingredients are soluble in all sorts of more mundane solvents, like regular old ethanol. The modern processes are just improvements on the ancient methods.
An ethanol extract would not separate out the various oils and resins, though. The CO2 process is “tunable” and can be very selective, this is where modern pure CBD oil comes from. Butane tends to specifically extract the THC type resins.
So yes they might have had tincture of cannabis in their apothecary, assuming they had distillation for the alcohol (or cannabis infused wine if they had no distillation), but it would contain many components.