> “Where or how do you get that conclusion? A non-oath taking member of the general public who commits treason is exposed too.”
Lookup the federal statute for treason, sedition, subversion.
Treasonous behavior exhibited by persons not under an oath of allegiance is sedition.
Treasonous behavior exhibited by persons under an oath of allegiance is treason.
Treason is punishable by death as stated in the statute. It doesn’t mean an automatic death sentence but it’s possible.
Sedition is not punishable by death although a seditious act accompanied bu other crimes such as murder can result in a death sentence.
The point is that those who pledge an oath of loyalty to the United States and are convicted of charges of treason, these persons may be sentenced to death. This makes treason a capital crime, higher than all other crimes in its category. It is the Oath that differentiates it.
"Owing allegience" does not require taking an oath. Non-sworn citizens can be charged and convicted of treason. Cramer v. United States 325 U.S. 1 (1945)
Those in the military are subject to UCMJ, a diffent body of law. See UCMJ Article 104 for aiding the enemy.