Scientists came up with these models.
The models can’t be wrong.
“Fluctuating entropy “ has a nice syncopation that might make a good tune.
“What the fluctuating for?” is a question only asked with careful enunciation.
We will never know as much as we don’t know, never.
Evolution doesn’t work for stars either. “He made the stars also.”
Quote: But Vlasov’s equation assumes that entropy stays the same. This suggests that time is ‘reversible’, which clearly cannot be the case (My aside: there may be a problem with that assumption: Quantum experiment reveals time really CAN flow backwards.)
Quote: ... the team needed to conduct complex numerical simulations, each of which took several days of computer time.
Quote: The simulations showed that the overall entropy does increase. But the team also found that at the beginning of the relaxation period, the entropy of the system actually fluctuates, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing.
Quote: “No other types of system display entropy oscillations that I know of, bar one: chemical reactions in which the compound produced serves as a catalyst for the inverse reaction,” Sodré said. “As a result, the reaction switches to and fro, and entropy in the system oscillates.”
At a guess, they are talking about Globular Clusters, not open clusters.
Globulars form around a black hole, and, some things that we call Globulars (like Omega Centaurus) are actually dwarf galaxies.
Open clusters are the residue of a nebula like the Orion Nebula. Once enough stars light up, the extra gas is swept away. But the stars remain.