People can be raised in a strict, strong discipline, character building way that does not include spanking.
I also stress that spanking is done early in childhood to be effective. As another poster here pointed out, if you are still spanking older children, you did something wrong and at that point, it has little effect as older children are sophisticated enough to know that you will never really hurt them. I believe my own children did not get spanked past the age of 10. By then, they were respectful and well-behaved. Our teenage children were a joy to be around. We had none of the drama or serious issues that many parents of teenagers have.
Depends on the child not the parent.
Some can, some require more drastic measures to get their attention.