OTH, in order to fit on the car, the OD of the tire must stay roughly constant. This means as the wheels get bigger, the volume of air in the tires gets less. It is this volume of air that helps isolate the car from the road. This means that the wheel will experience more contact directly to the tread from pot holes and bumps. This leads to rim damage, and higher impact forces to suspension parts and into the chassis. This can lead to some of the types of damage you listed.
Let the buyer beware. It has nothing to do with the car when you install parts for which the car was never designed.
The rims and tires are part of the drive train design. When you alter that with oversize rims/tires, everything (effective torque) changes and the speedometer/odometer becomes inaccurate!
The larger wheel, complete with a narrow tire will concentrate more mass at larger radius...consequently has a higher Moment of Inertia....so more energy is required to spin the wheels.