How will the disease spread in Europe? Are there sand flies there?
Transferred by blood and body fluids in addition to the sand N______s sand fleas...gee I feel so bad for them S/
There are sand fleas in Southern Europe, so it is possible to spread there.
Also , it is possible to spread here. See below:
"Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite (genus Leishmania) transmitted by the bite of (an infected) female phlebotomine sandfly."( parenthesis mine )
www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/220298-overview
" Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease occurring throughout the Americas from Texas to Argentina, and in the Old World, particularly the Middle East .."
So , it is already known to occur in North America.
www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0315/p1455.html