My experience is that animals tend to freeze in place, and apparently have no understanding of how quickly the “target” is bearing-down on them.
Depends upon the species. Some dart back and forth and end up darting back under the wheels after you thought you’d managed to avoid hitting them. Some freeze, like a possum. Some even roll up into a ball and jump up in the air, unintentionally embedding themselves into windshields and semi grilles, like armadillos. Never having encountered an elk while driving, I can’t say what their typical behavior might be.
There is a reason that semis out west have largely gone to big, stout 'Roo Guards up front.