That ASAT missile was a test prototype and technology demonstrator, not a deployed system. A few years ago, US Navy shot down a malfunctioning satellite using a deployed SM-3 missile from a cruiser. I believe they made some minor software tweaks, to alter its range-gate.
Problem is a ship is darn near a fixed base, have to wait for that satellite to be in the right spot.
I would expect some of the high value satellites to have some maneuvering capability to avoid overflying known ASAT assets if the balloon goes up..