The US government counts Indians as Asians. Persians/Iranians apparently are counted as Caucasians/White even though they are related to the people of northern India. Apparently Afghanis may be considered Asians, though they are related to the Persians. There’s also trouble trying to fit some of the population groups in Russia into the US government’s categories.
Your post only cites a few of many examples of how foolish this US government obsession with demographic classification is. No matter how you classify this group or that group, there always going to be the proverbial round pegs in square holes. I'd much prefer NO official government classification of Americans, other than citizens and aliens, with aliens subdivided into legal and illegal.
Let's have people decide for themselves which group or groups they identify with, NOT government bean counters. But, you see, without government bean counters, there can be no affirmative action, quotas, or set asides, etc.