I’ve always used a rolled up newspaper as the noise getting swatted with it bothers them more than a physical blow from my hand, which they would barely feel.
Hitting a dog with your hand is always a bad idea because then they get afraid of hands and may well bite someone defensively if they go to pet them, look at a dog tag, or whatever.
Plus the sight of the rolled up newspaper becomes immediate feedback that they are in the Bad Dog doghouse! In fact, they didn’t get actually swatted more than a few times. After that, showing the paper is enough.
Don’t whackem with the newspaper either..
Sharp name call followed with a loud noise.
That SHOULD get their attention.
I follow up a good reaction with praise.
I follow a bad reaction with “temporary” banishment, but not physical abuse.
Response is met with reward.
Dogs are funny critters.
The largest problem is when you allow an animal to become the alpha.
Trouble is sure to follow.
I had a wonderful Golden Retriever rescue that was big and bouncy -- a "wild child". As part of the agreement with the rescue organization I had to take him to dog training. The dog trainer insisted that I use a shocker collar turned up to "5" with him to curtail his rambunctious behavior.
One of the concerns was that if he chased and CAUGHT a deer in my yard that he might get seriously hurt with flying hooves. I only shocked him once, and I hated the reaction. My trainer shocked him once for over leaping a jump in agility and skidding into the crowd of people watching with their dogs. I stopped using the collar entirely, but I discovered that when I was wearing a flash drive for my computer on a lanyard around my neck, he associated it with the shock collar controller (even though he was not supposed to know where that shock came from). If I wanted to curb his enthusiasm and to "sit", or "stay", all I had to do was to show him this little flash drive and he followed my command immediately.
OMG, I miss that dog. He died last February, and I'll never have such a wonderful dog again. And I don't think I'd ever use a shock collar on a Golden Retriever either.