Apartment is a type of building. Condominium is a form of financing. You can have apartments that are controlled by condo associations and those that are not; and you can have houses that are controlled by condo associations, or not.
I've always thought of apartments as something one rents, and a condo as something one buys. I've NEVER heard of homeowner dues on apartments. But, perhaps in different areas they refer to these things differently than what has been my experience.