In India, they do not go after much of the theft, because the government relies on the votes of the thieves (a lot like some of our cities). In China, a thief who steals from the Party is likely to wind up dead.
If theft from the Party was punished with death, the entire Communist Party would be in one mass grave, and the Chinese would be fighting a civil war to determine who gets to run the place next. Xi Jinping's and Wen Jiabao's families are worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The real difference between China and India is probably similar to an anecdote (probably recycled more than once) I heard a while back about a South Korean student and an African student who meet at an American college and become good friends. These students graduate and establish careers in government back in their home countries, while remaining in contact.
Years later, the South Korean bureaucrat decides to invite his African buddy over for a visit, in part to reminisce, and in part to show off. He picks the guy up at Seoul's spiffy new airport in his late model, mid-range Beemer and chauffeurs him to his roomy (by Seoul standards) and well-furnished three-bedroom apartment with a killer view. His African buddy is all impressed and asks him how he affords all this on a civil service salary. The Korean bureaucrat says "Remember that spanking new highway I took to get you here? 1%". After partaking of all that Seoul has to offer, the African bureaucrat returns home.
A few months later, he invites his Korean buddy to visit him in Africa. At the airport in Africa, the Korean guy is picked up by helicopter and is deposited by the pilot at a landing strip within a walled compound the size of the Buckingham Palace grounds. A veritable army of domestics converges upon him, offering him trays of refreshments and finger foods. As the Korean guy enters a palatial air-conditioned structure, his African buddy makes a grand entrance with half-a-dozen expensively-dressed and gorgeous wives and/or concubines. Completely flabbergasted, the Korean functionary blurts out a question that's been nagging at him since the helicopter picked him up - "How do you afford all this on a civil service salary?" The African bureaucrat responds with a question - "Remember that spiffy new highway you saw on your helicopter ride here?" The Korean fella says "There was a highway? All I saw was dirt roads." The African guy chuckles "Precisely - 100%".