The Cro-Magnons, frequently identified as ancestral to the Europeans and Chinese, had a larger brain than modern man, and were a tad taller ~ probably from a better diet based on wild game, nuts, berries and roots.
During the last quarter of the latest period of glacial advance most European, North Asian and East Asian populations were confined to small unglaciated areas called "refugia". Modern populations are descended from these small groups ~ each is differentiated by various minor gene differences.
The Sa'ami seem to have retained many more of the specific differences that identify the Cro-Magnon people and to a degree may better represent the ancestral population of most of the people in the world.
There have been some changes. Southern tribes gave up living on ice and hunting reindeer and seals. They developed agriculture and animal domestication which changed their diet to the far more unhealthy one of bread and boiled beef. This has led to other, less valuable, genetic differentiation.
Venderamini's thesis would be really easy to falsify (i.e. it's not pseudoscience); all you'd have to do would be find the first Neanderthal needle.
I'm assuming that's never gonna happen however since a creature with an 8" fur coat doesn't really need clothing or needles...