[decimon]

I'm saying this article is junk. This article says, "...and supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis.", but that's not supported by the article's abstract.

That quote I gave in post #34 is from the abstract, not the article.

From the abstract: "...and supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis."

[spunkets]

Re: "supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis."

"That quote I gave in post #34 is from the abstract, not the article."

OK. Both say essentially the same thing, but in order for it to be true, gut bugs must work on the choline to produce at least TMAO. That conditional is present in both this article and the original article in Nature and it is- without the action of the gut bugs on choline, choline supplementation, or excess dietary choline has no effect on CVD.