[Heartlander]

You have an issue with UC San Diego?

From the source:

Penicillinase existed, and antibiotic-resistance existed, before we even started using antibiotics.

[allmendream]

I quoted from the source, you may have noticed, if you had read or understood the source.

Penicillin is ALSO a natural compound produced by a fungus. So of course there was a natural resistance present.

When Penicillin is “modified” by humans to create a novel antibiotic that Penicillinase cannot bind to - it works like gangbusters even against Penicillin resistant bacteria - then suddenly there appears a modified (via mutation) Penicillinase that DOES bind to it.

Ribosome antibiotic leads to mutated ribosomes among antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Ribosomes existed before we started using antibiotics.

Doesn't make evolution any less the explanation for how resistance to the antibiotic that attacks ribosomes came about.