I don't think there ever was such a time. In the early days they were simply Christians; only later, post-Constantine, was the heirarchy established and the dogma laid down.
Hence "hierarchy."
Hence "Orthodox."
Hence "Catholic and Apostolic."
Constantine, a couple centuries later, was neither a bishop nor Orthodox nor Catholic. He was an Arian.
*snort*
(Sips hot chocolate carefully. Snorts again.)
Lay down with dogma, wake up with fleas. Was that dogma on a lease?
If you can't run with the big dogma ... wait, uh, lay down with dogma, get up with ... oh, whatever.