Posted on 07/07/2009 10:15:22 AM PDT by sig226
Basic firearms stuff:
This is my rifle, this is my gun . . .”
Generally speaking, the military refers to a shoulder fired firearms as rifles and uses the term gun to refer to artillery pieces. Aside from angry drill instructors, the distinction is meaningless. If someone chastises you for using the term gun, ask him what they use in a twenty one gun salute.
Rules of gun safety
Treat all guns as if they are loaded.
Never let the muzzle of a gun point at anything you do not want to destroy.
Be absolutely sure of your target, and what is behind it.
Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
Bullets
Guns shoot bullets. The thing that goes in the gun is called a cartridge. It has a bullet, gunpowder, a primer, and a case to hold it all together. Some people load their own ammunition by reusing the cartridge case and new powder, primers, and bullets. If you go to the gun store and ask for a box of bullets, you might get one. They sell the bullets by themselves, and using the word bullet when you mean cartridge will send most shooters into fits.
How do guns work?
The primer in a cartridge explodes when struck with enough force. The flame from the primer lights the gunpowder charge. The pressure from the burning gunpowder pushes the bullet through the barrel.
Does gunpowder explode?
Not literally. Fires and explosions are classified by the speed of the burning stuff. If the flame spreads (propagates) slower than the speed of sound, the material deflagrates. It burns. If the flame propagates faster than the speed of sound, about 1,100 feet per second, it detonates.
So why do bullets go faster than the speed of sound?
The speed of the bullet comes from the volume of the burning gunpowder, not the speed at which it burned.
What’s the difference?
If you take a pound of gunpowder and ignite it in an open field, it will burn very quickly, but not at the speed of sound. If you take a pound of TNT and fire it in your open field, it will burn faster than the speed of sound and it will create a pressure wave. The pressure wave has enough energy to kill a man, even if nothing else hit him.
Don’t guns explode?
Yes, they do. Ammunition that was improperly loaded can create more pressure than the gun can tolerate. If the bullet can’t move out of the way, for instance because the barrel is blocked, the pressure can also exceed the limits of the gun. This is one of the reasons why you’re supposed to wear safety glasses when you shoot.
What are civilian firearm types There are two basic classes of firearms: handguns and long guns. Handguns are designed to be held in one hand when fired. Long guns are meant to be held at the shoulder when fired. Long guns are further divided into three types: rifles, shotguns, rifles, and ‘other.’ Rifles have rifles barrels and fire a single projectile. Shotguns typically have smooth bores and are designed to fire a load of pellets. Shotguns that have a pistol grip instead of a shoulder stock are technically not shotguns according to the federal law, because they were not designed to be fired from the shoulder. They’re classified as ‘other’ and you have to be 21 to buy one from a dealer.
Blackpowder guns, or muzzleloaders, are not classified by federal law. These include antique styled guns like flintlocks, but some modern guns are considered muzzleloaders because the shooter has to load the powder and projectile through the muzzle. These are primarily intended for deer hunting in extended seasons available to muzzleloaders. A modern firearm opens at the breech, the back end of the barrel, to allow a cartridge to be loaded.
Machine guns, sawed off shotguns, and other items are known as Class III weapons because of their designation in federal law. That’s a subject for another day.
So I have a modern gun. What does it shoot?
Any firearm made after 1968 has to be marked with the caliber it shoots. If you have an old gun that was not marked with the caliber, take it to a good gun store and find out. Don’t take it to Wal Mart. They have no idea.
My gun says 9x19, 9mm parabellum, 9mm Luger, instead of 9mm. What’s up with that?
Cartridge names have nothing to do with what comes out of the barrel and everything to do with what the maker thinks will make you buy one. Several cartridges re known by names that do not indicate what they are. The .38 Special is the most common. Although there are .38 caliber cartridges other than the .38 Special, the overwhelming majority of .38s in this country shoot the .38 Special. There are other .38 cartridges, such as the .38 Smith and Wesson/.38 Colt New Police/ .38-200 (Webley.) None of these bullets are actually .38 inches across. .38 Specials have a .357 inch bullet diameter. This sounds cool when you say that you have a three fifty seven magnum, but it sounds stupid if you have a three fifty seven special. Likewise, I have no desire to own a thirty eight magnum.
Cartridge names may come from the person who designed them, or the company that produced the first one. They may be named fro the most popular maker and sometimes the names were plucked out of thin air. The first guns to fire the .40 Smith and Wesson cartridge were designed by Smith and Wesson and Winchester. Winchester is also famous for the .300 Win Mag rifle cartridge, but guess who didn’t design the .308 Winchester round.
A cartridge design can be patented like any other invention. The owner of the patent, or the common name for the cartridge, may allow others to make it. The name .308 Winchester suggests an obvious source for the rifle to fire it. Some cartridge designs are proprietary. Some are not sold in sufficient numbers to justify a major manufacturer’s effort to market them.
What’s the best gun for me?
It depends on what you’re going to do with it and how much you want to spend. Most people want a gun for self defense in the home. They usually buy some kind of a handgun, even though I tell them not to. Handguns are easy to hold and to conceal, but the effect of the ammunition had to be compromised to make them easy to hold and conceal. Rifles have the most power of any gun, but the bullets tend to keep going. A rifle bullet fired in a home can go through the walls and kill the neighbor. This is called over penetration.
The military issues rifles to soldiers, with handguns as a second weapon or an emergency measure for officers who aren’t expected to fight in combat. They use shotguns for base security but they’re not allowed in combat because of the Hague Accords. For the home, a 12 gauge or 20 shotgun loaded with buckshot is the most effective available. It does lots of damage because it hits the target with several projectiles at the same time. Each individual projectile hasn’t got a lot of energy, so they tend to stop when they hit something. But when they all hit the same thing at the same time, they make a mess.
Handguns also tend not to over penetrate the target, which is a serious issue for those of us who live in condos and apartments. They are also easier to retain. A 26” shotgun sticks out, and it is possible to grab it and control where it’s pointed. It’s not advisable, but it happens. It’s more difficult to do that with a handgun.
What if the SHTF?
All bets are off. Get a rifle. You need as much power as you can get. The civilian version of the M4 rifle, the current military version of the M-16, is easy to shoot, holds plenty of rounds, and is the most common rifle in this country. If the world was falling apart around you, parts, magazines, and ammunition for the M4 would be the easiest to obtain.
Should I get a cheap one?
NO. If you needed an operation, would you want the best surgeon or the cheapest one? If you need a rifle for self defense, your life depends on it as much as it depends on the ability of the surgeon holding the knife at your comatose body. Save up your money and get a good one. If you must have it right now, and you haven’t got a lot of money, get a shotgun. A good shotgun can be bought for $300.
Should I get a pistol grip shotgun?
There is no way to aim a pistol grip shotgun unless you attach a laser to it. Even then, they are not easy to control. They exist because shotguns with shoulder stocks didn’t fit in police cars, and they wanted the gun where they could get it quickly. Some argue that the pistol grip shotgun can be fired from the hip. So can a shotgun with a shoulder stock, and it can also be fired from the shoulder.
But I spent $900 on my pistol grip shotgun. It must be good.
I spent fifty dollars on a cheap .38, and I can’t hit anything with it, either.
How do I get good at shooting?
Shoot. Shoot a lot. The more you do it, the better you get. It’s also a perishable skill. If you don’t do it, your ability declines. As much as everyone derides the .22 for being a ‘wuss gun,’ a .22 pistol or rifle is cheap to shoot and the lack of recoil means anyone can shoot it all day long. They’re accurate. They shoot .22s in the Olympics. They’re also fun.
I’m going to get a shotty/Springer/Deagle.
If you use those terms in a gun store, you will mark yourself as someone who knows a lot about the internet and very little about guns. The best way to learn is with your ears, not your mouth. Take classes and practice. All those self defense classes exist and teach so many techniques because different methods work for different people. There’s only one way to find out what will work for you. Hit the range.
Sometimes, more common these days is something like this.
Taken December 2008 at Fort Hood.
or this
Actually the 21 gun salute originated with guns more like these.
The practice of firing gun salutes has existed for centuries. Early warriors demonstrated their peaceful intentions by placing their weapons in a position that rendered them ineffective. In early times, it was customary for a ship entering a friendly port to discharge its cannon to demonstrate that they were unloaded.
I use .45 Long Colt because that is the traditional name for it. Although SAAMI says it is just .45 Colt. Most people know exactly what I mean when I say .45 LC, but may not know that .45 Colt means the revolver cartridge while .45ACP, oops, make that .45 Auto is for automatics.
Yes, I know there have been quite a few revolvers chambered for the .45ACP cartridge.
Now the reason I don’t say 9mm Luger long is because that is a made up name.
Holy thumb hole man. I can’t afford 50AE deagle food. I’d wager those 825 house breakers are priced into bmg land.
I’m not sure where they started the .45 Long Colt nonsense since I have a Sear’s and Roebucks catalogue from 1900 that lists it as .45 Colt.
Save yourself some typing.
LOL.
umgud - red trailer.
No, they can be had with buckshot. You only get a handfull of shot, but they are big enough and fast enough to do more the just PO the target. At really close range, the type of shot wouldn't matter much, as you'd just get one ragged hole. The Judge can also chamber and fire .45 Colt. That will get anyone's attention. (as will five 000 buck shot)
The 38-40 is an oddball and I am not sure how it got it’s name but I bet it has something to do with the fact that 41 Long Colt and 38-40 both share the same diameter barrels which is around .401-403.
The 41 Colt has been loaded with actual .385 hollow base bullets which expanded when fired to fill the bore. This is similar to how the .22 rimfires work. Interestingly the case on a .41 Colt is .41 Caliber.
Of course the 40 in 38-40 comes from the charge of 40 grains of black powder which it was originally loaded with. I guess whoever designs a cartridge gets to name it.
You all need to step away from the keyboard.
You are getting confused. There is no conflict. Libby has no problem calling a semi-auto, like John M. Browning's creations, a "pistol". It's revolvers being termed pistols that gets his dander up. My fahter in law, a little older the G. Gordon, used the terms the same way. He had several of each in his gun safe, but the one beside the bed was a .45 ACP pistol.
I would like to see the ballistics of the .45 vs a .410 slug. Can a slug shot even be used in this revolver? Also, can the Judge fire both 2 1/2" and 3" .410 shells?
Meant to add that I saw those same cannon, probably with many of the same cannoneers, fired about that same time, for a different event. The LT in charge was still wet behind the ears, but he was definitely squared away. The casing for the first round fired was presented to the outgoing CO, the last one to the incoming guy. An SES civilian!
Hope to see them again this Friday, starting around 1000, when that last round will once again go to a Colonel.
Clips have one advantage: they're cheap and compact. For the cost of one M1A mag, you can get a bunch of clips, a large number will fit in an ammo box, and they retain their tension for years. Having a large number of loaded clips might be useful if TSHTF.
.45 Colt has been called LC for at least a hundred and 30 years. The reason was to distinguish it from the short Colt.
At one time the U.S. Army issued revolvers chambered for both cartridges and at the same time.
I hope you don’t go around calling the .45 Auto, .45ACP. I do but I am not a stickler for exact wording.
I'll take a shot at it. 8-)
"Inherent accuracy" has to do with the accuracy of the rifle once you take out the human element(the skill of the shooter). In other words, if you put the rifle into a rigid mechanical holder, and then measured the size of the group on the target, that would be the inherent accuracy.
The ballistic coefficient of a bullet has to do with its ability to overcome air resistance. The higher the BC, the better the bullet will retain velocity. This is important at longer ranges, where a high BC means a flatter trajectory. A flatter trajectory means that you will be less likely to be high or low due to miscalculating the distance to the target, or due to variations in the muzzle velocity from variations in your ammo.
Garde la Foi, mes amis! Nous nous sommes les sauveurs de la République! Maintenant et Toujours!
(Keep the Faith, my friends! We are the saviors of the Republic! Now and Forever!)
LonePalm, le Républicain du verre cassé (The Broken Glass Republican)
Pistol = A handgun whose chamber is integral with the barrel. (a revolver has multiple chambers)
Ummm... Somebody please gimme a cigarette.
I got rid of my orphan ammo gun when I gave my Winchester Model 94 chambered for the 32 winchester special to my grandson...
I would love to have a model 94 in .32 Winchester special. I think ammo is still available just not very common. It is probably a tiny bit better cartridge than the 30-30.
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