Posted on 07/07/2009 10:15:22 AM PDT by sig226
Basic firearms stuff:
This is my rifle, this is my gun . . .”
Generally speaking, the military refers to a shoulder fired firearms as rifles and uses the term gun to refer to artillery pieces. Aside from angry drill instructors, the distinction is meaningless. If someone chastises you for using the term gun, ask him what they use in a twenty one gun salute.
Rules of gun safety
Treat all guns as if they are loaded.
Never let the muzzle of a gun point at anything you do not want to destroy.
Be absolutely sure of your target, and what is behind it.
Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
Bullets
Guns shoot bullets. The thing that goes in the gun is called a cartridge. It has a bullet, gunpowder, a primer, and a case to hold it all together. Some people load their own ammunition by reusing the cartridge case and new powder, primers, and bullets. If you go to the gun store and ask for a box of bullets, you might get one. They sell the bullets by themselves, and using the word bullet when you mean cartridge will send most shooters into fits.
How do guns work?
The primer in a cartridge explodes when struck with enough force. The flame from the primer lights the gunpowder charge. The pressure from the burning gunpowder pushes the bullet through the barrel.
Does gunpowder explode?
Not literally. Fires and explosions are classified by the speed of the burning stuff. If the flame spreads (propagates) slower than the speed of sound, the material deflagrates. It burns. If the flame propagates faster than the speed of sound, about 1,100 feet per second, it detonates.
So why do bullets go faster than the speed of sound?
The speed of the bullet comes from the volume of the burning gunpowder, not the speed at which it burned.
What’s the difference?
If you take a pound of gunpowder and ignite it in an open field, it will burn very quickly, but not at the speed of sound. If you take a pound of TNT and fire it in your open field, it will burn faster than the speed of sound and it will create a pressure wave. The pressure wave has enough energy to kill a man, even if nothing else hit him.
Don’t guns explode?
Yes, they do. Ammunition that was improperly loaded can create more pressure than the gun can tolerate. If the bullet can’t move out of the way, for instance because the barrel is blocked, the pressure can also exceed the limits of the gun. This is one of the reasons why you’re supposed to wear safety glasses when you shoot.
What are civilian firearm types There are two basic classes of firearms: handguns and long guns. Handguns are designed to be held in one hand when fired. Long guns are meant to be held at the shoulder when fired. Long guns are further divided into three types: rifles, shotguns, rifles, and ‘other.’ Rifles have rifles barrels and fire a single projectile. Shotguns typically have smooth bores and are designed to fire a load of pellets. Shotguns that have a pistol grip instead of a shoulder stock are technically not shotguns according to the federal law, because they were not designed to be fired from the shoulder. They’re classified as ‘other’ and you have to be 21 to buy one from a dealer.
Blackpowder guns, or muzzleloaders, are not classified by federal law. These include antique styled guns like flintlocks, but some modern guns are considered muzzleloaders because the shooter has to load the powder and projectile through the muzzle. These are primarily intended for deer hunting in extended seasons available to muzzleloaders. A modern firearm opens at the breech, the back end of the barrel, to allow a cartridge to be loaded.
Machine guns, sawed off shotguns, and other items are known as Class III weapons because of their designation in federal law. That’s a subject for another day.
So I have a modern gun. What does it shoot?
Any firearm made after 1968 has to be marked with the caliber it shoots. If you have an old gun that was not marked with the caliber, take it to a good gun store and find out. Don’t take it to Wal Mart. They have no idea.
My gun says 9x19, 9mm parabellum, 9mm Luger, instead of 9mm. What’s up with that?
Cartridge names have nothing to do with what comes out of the barrel and everything to do with what the maker thinks will make you buy one. Several cartridges re known by names that do not indicate what they are. The .38 Special is the most common. Although there are .38 caliber cartridges other than the .38 Special, the overwhelming majority of .38s in this country shoot the .38 Special. There are other .38 cartridges, such as the .38 Smith and Wesson/.38 Colt New Police/ .38-200 (Webley.) None of these bullets are actually .38 inches across. .38 Specials have a .357 inch bullet diameter. This sounds cool when you say that you have a three fifty seven magnum, but it sounds stupid if you have a three fifty seven special. Likewise, I have no desire to own a thirty eight magnum.
Cartridge names may come from the person who designed them, or the company that produced the first one. They may be named fro the most popular maker and sometimes the names were plucked out of thin air. The first guns to fire the .40 Smith and Wesson cartridge were designed by Smith and Wesson and Winchester. Winchester is also famous for the .300 Win Mag rifle cartridge, but guess who didn’t design the .308 Winchester round.
A cartridge design can be patented like any other invention. The owner of the patent, or the common name for the cartridge, may allow others to make it. The name .308 Winchester suggests an obvious source for the rifle to fire it. Some cartridge designs are proprietary. Some are not sold in sufficient numbers to justify a major manufacturer’s effort to market them.
What’s the best gun for me?
It depends on what you’re going to do with it and how much you want to spend. Most people want a gun for self defense in the home. They usually buy some kind of a handgun, even though I tell them not to. Handguns are easy to hold and to conceal, but the effect of the ammunition had to be compromised to make them easy to hold and conceal. Rifles have the most power of any gun, but the bullets tend to keep going. A rifle bullet fired in a home can go through the walls and kill the neighbor. This is called over penetration.
The military issues rifles to soldiers, with handguns as a second weapon or an emergency measure for officers who aren’t expected to fight in combat. They use shotguns for base security but they’re not allowed in combat because of the Hague Accords. For the home, a 12 gauge or 20 shotgun loaded with buckshot is the most effective available. It does lots of damage because it hits the target with several projectiles at the same time. Each individual projectile hasn’t got a lot of energy, so they tend to stop when they hit something. But when they all hit the same thing at the same time, they make a mess.
Handguns also tend not to over penetrate the target, which is a serious issue for those of us who live in condos and apartments. They are also easier to retain. A 26” shotgun sticks out, and it is possible to grab it and control where it’s pointed. It’s not advisable, but it happens. It’s more difficult to do that with a handgun.
What if the SHTF?
All bets are off. Get a rifle. You need as much power as you can get. The civilian version of the M4 rifle, the current military version of the M-16, is easy to shoot, holds plenty of rounds, and is the most common rifle in this country. If the world was falling apart around you, parts, magazines, and ammunition for the M4 would be the easiest to obtain.
Should I get a cheap one?
NO. If you needed an operation, would you want the best surgeon or the cheapest one? If you need a rifle for self defense, your life depends on it as much as it depends on the ability of the surgeon holding the knife at your comatose body. Save up your money and get a good one. If you must have it right now, and you haven’t got a lot of money, get a shotgun. A good shotgun can be bought for $300.
Should I get a pistol grip shotgun?
There is no way to aim a pistol grip shotgun unless you attach a laser to it. Even then, they are not easy to control. They exist because shotguns with shoulder stocks didn’t fit in police cars, and they wanted the gun where they could get it quickly. Some argue that the pistol grip shotgun can be fired from the hip. So can a shotgun with a shoulder stock, and it can also be fired from the shoulder.
But I spent $900 on my pistol grip shotgun. It must be good.
I spent fifty dollars on a cheap .38, and I can’t hit anything with it, either.
How do I get good at shooting?
Shoot. Shoot a lot. The more you do it, the better you get. It’s also a perishable skill. If you don’t do it, your ability declines. As much as everyone derides the .22 for being a ‘wuss gun,’ a .22 pistol or rifle is cheap to shoot and the lack of recoil means anyone can shoot it all day long. They’re accurate. They shoot .22s in the Olympics. They’re also fun.
I’m going to get a shotty/Springer/Deagle.
If you use those terms in a gun store, you will mark yourself as someone who knows a lot about the internet and very little about guns. The best way to learn is with your ears, not your mouth. Take classes and practice. All those self defense classes exist and teach so many techniques because different methods work for different people. There’s only one way to find out what will work for you. Hit the range.
LOL, I like that!
That’s very interesting, who makes it and what model is it?
NRA bttt
I like to keep it simple. Arcane facts have no place in the beginner's classroom, except maybe for illustrative purposes or for entertainment value (an explanation of all the various .30 caliber rifle cartridges out there opens a can of worms).
As far as know-it-alls, you're right. No-one can know everything. "The more you know, the less you know."
We're all students until the day we die.
Some shooter with more money than brains keeps leaving a bunch of .50AE brass at my local range. Yeah, I pick it up. Nope, nothing to shoot it out of yet.
And who would know better what nomenclature to use? Browning or Liddy?
Yet... ;-)
ping
The maker is Mateba and the model from what I can understand is Auto Six translated. There’s a couple of versions of this firearm. That’s the ugly one with the compensator.
It’s chambered for .357 magnum. Since it fires from the six o’clock position, there’s no muzzle flip. Shoots like a dream.
The .825 pics are of a spoof.
A weapon light such as a SureFire attached to a pistol-grip shotgun will show you where the pattern will hit. Also who you are aiming at.
Also who you are aiming at——————Will see your whereabouts ????
Jeez! Do those things take batteries?
Zackly. Sweep the gun in a smooth arc till it’s on the same track as and slightly ahead of the target. Shoot while continuing to swing on the same arc.
True, but they will be temporarily blinded, and you can switch it off if need be.
It's funny, I am embarrashingly terrible at shooting clay targets. Especially if I haven't done so for a while. But on live birds, I do OK. Hit the last two pheasants I shot at. One was a relativley easy left to right crossing shot...watch out for the blocker! The other got up behind me and to my left, flying straight away to from my left rear. (Before I'd turned).
Best shot I ever saw was when I was 15. I was hunting with my Dad and his old High School buddy (and long time hunting/fishing partner). We had driven accross the end of some stubble to the edge of a cornfield. Several birds got up, 25-30 yards away just as we stopped. Dad's buddy, Sandy, got out of the passenger side front seat. Stuffed a couple of shells into his JC Higgens (with Cutts Compensator or copy thereof). Fired twice and dropped two roosters. He was using some reloads he and Dad had made years before. They were paper shells with the old roll crimp and overshot wad.
I like to think they are hunting, fishing and trapping once again up yonder. Maybe playing some softball and getting in some bowling frames too. Renuinted with Mike, Pete, Re-Pete, Duke and Lady. (3 English Pointers and two Springer Spaniels respectively) I guess it must be were the "bad" pheasants, ducks, catfish, muskrats and beaver get sent :) ).
I sometimes get tired of gun knowledgeable people who love to correct the slightest mis-statement of firearms info.
Now I think I know firearms about as well as any but I sometimes like to call the .45 Colt, the .45 Long Colt. Of course if we are talking technical terms then it should be totally accurate. I have even called a magazine a clip before.
I did learn one thing in this article. I never knew the difference between burning and exploding was the speed of sound.
Maybe because they were not revolvers. They were generally single shot muzzle loaders, with various sorts of "locks". Wheelock, flintlock, caplock, and the earliest ones were probably matchlocks. Doom on he whose "match" goes out. :)
Wheelock
Flintlock.
Caplock
Last two are non-firing replicas.
I hope somebody comes up with a historical explanation why the .38-40 (.38 WCF) is actually a 40 cal before I shuffle off this mortal coil.
Why? What purpose does it serve to type an inaccurate label? Would you type "9MM long luger" because someone made a 9MM Kurz?
Save yourself some typing and help the newbies from making a mistake.
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