Cats ... belong ... indoors.
I have two cats, Tard & Retard. They act like dogs. They walk with me every evening when I take my Golden Lab for a walk thru the field. I have a doggie door and they use it and I don’t have a litter box. They have free reign and always come in at night on their own. Retard curls up with Maggie, my dog downstairs before bed and Tard goes up and sleeps with Maggie at night. Occassionaly, they do tend to be real stupid, hence their names, and stay out when it is pouring rain. Then they come in and get everything wet. I found 30 minutes on the fluff cycle in the dryer gets that taking care of right away. Add a bounce sheet and they smell good too.
No ...they.....don’t. They were put on this earth with claws, night vision and hunting skills. They were meant to be outside, but a large accomodating environment inside the home is an ideal —unless you ask the cat... most won’t be as happy. You also have to consider the different area... a city is worse than the suburbs.