Its entirely likely that you don't even need the Terminal an sudo commands for a printer install. What printer are you using? If you plugged it in it may already be installed (but not the Default printer) Go to System>Administration>Printing. Is it there under Local Printers? If so, click it and choose Make Default. You can configure it from here.
The file structure is definitely different, and is where your learning curve will be highest, but it makes sense pretty quickly once you read a little about it.