Juggernaut's origin is he's in prison, he's a mutant. That's it.
No mention of his name, no mention of his relationship to professor X, and no mention of the fact that he's not a mutant, his helmet is the source of his power.
The brood story arc was awesome. Claremont was incredible. I also really got into the Inferno storyline. Storm gaining control of the Morlocks, and later the Morlock massacre was really groundbreaking at the time. And although it wasn't written by Claremont, I loved the whole Age of Apocalypse.
When/if they do any other X-Men movies, I can't imagine which storylines they'll take on. I'm assuming they will introduce the Hellfire Club, or maybe Genosha (that storyline really creeped me out). And I really can't see them not doing a "Days of Future past" installment, it will be interesting to see if they bring in Rachel Summers and/or Franklin Richards.
Wow. All that you mentioned really took me back. (I just read that you named your son Logan. You must REALLY like Wolverine!) My first job was at a comic book store. I read every title I could get my hands on, from marvel, dc, dark horse, top cow, new universe and on and on. I even got to meet a lot of the people involved in comics at the time, including John Byrne, Chris Claremont, Art Adams, Bill Sienkiewicz, Dave McKean, Neil Gaiman, Frank Miller, Marv Wolfman, Walt and Weezy Simonson, and Stan the Man Lee through conventions and friends. That was a great job and I had not thought about it for some time.
I just took a look at marvel.com. They seem to have a new inter-series event starting up called Civil War. It amazes me how the same comic books and characters keep going year after year, constantly being re-invented/re-envisioned/re-imagined. Frankly, I can see why these genre of movies do not often match the books. There is just too much history and too many versions of history to draw from. It is just easier to take bits and pieces from what sounds cool and build from there. Despite my past experience with comic books, I am okay with the movies differing with the books.