Most of the early scarf patterns that were for serious warmth then seem to be double knitted.
Or possibly k1 p1 whch the Workwoman's Guide, printed in the 1830s, calls something like "imitation double knitting." I'm too lazy right now to get up and look for it.
Seems that no one can find any documentation or examples of knitted scarves in the 1700s. They weren't doing much flat knitting then, and it may have just seemed like wasted time to bother with knitting a scarf, when there were so many pairs of stockings and mittens to do and there was a strip of wool fabric handy.
Now for the real purpose of this piece.
My favorite non-lacy knitting pattern makes a great scarf. It's sort of a almost rib pattern, which doesn't get as stretcy as real rib.
cast on a mutiple of 3 + 2 stitches. Say, 24 +2 = 26. Then the pattern is all simplicity: sl 1, k2p1 across, k the last stitch. All the rows are done the same.
looks like this;
