So when was the triod invented, and when were the first practical devices marketed?
"So when was the triod invented, and when were the first practical devices marketed?"
The triode was invented in 1906. Not sure who was the first to implement it into a system design.
While where at it, the tetrode was invented in 1926, and the pentode in 1930. As far as the "beam power tube" a variant of the pentode, don't ask me, I don't know.