You can pack just a little more powder behind the 30-06 if you are so inclined.
But now that I've said that, when I had my Girand re-barreled, I had it done in .308. Its just more common these days. When I had it re-barreled, you could buy match ammo cheaper in .308 than in .30-06. I haven't priced match ammo lately so I don't know if that still holds true.