[Lurking Libertarian]

But what prevents the courts from hearing the case, coming to a conclusion based on LAW and forwarding their findings to congress for action?

Because courts hear cases, which means that the courts can decide legal issues only in the context of resolving a dispute between two parties that the court can remedy. Since the administration of George Washington (literally), the Supreme Court has consistently ruled that courts cannot issue "advisory opinions" to other branches of government.

[butterdezillion]

The judicial power extends to cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls. I would consider the President or President elect to be “other public ministers”. Cases affecting those people fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

In addition, there are “controversies to which the United States shall be a party”. Who exactly is “The United States”?