Medieval knights used two types of swords: a short sword with a pointed end that was used with one hand and a heavy two-handed sword with a rounded end.
The authority on sword typology, Eward Oakeshott, classed many sword types of this era. Check out this. The two-handed "rounded ended" swords seen in many museums, such as the Tower of London, are execution swords. Those used in battle, such as the zweihander, would have a point.
"Damascus" is usually another generic term for a pattern welded blade. These are made by layering different steel alloys in the billet, which is then forge welded and twisted/folded repeatedly to form various patterns. Damascus was an early trade center for these, but there were several areas that did this, including the Vikings, Indians, and Persians.
I am currently making a silver hilted dagger using a blade of pattern welded steel crafted by a master American blade smith. He makes the Damascus blades for a living and has a many month waiting list. He doesn’t make swords though.
His blades will cut nails with no ill effects to the blade