1 that I can think of went all the way to 4-stars. Patton's son-in-law,
John K. Watters, was captured by the Germans in North Africa & held for the duration. He was badly wounded in a botched rescue attempt by a mixed combat team sent by Patton himself (though Patton never admitted he knew is SIL was in that particular POW camp).
There were a couple NAVY POW's from Vietnam that made Admiral.